The Effects of Hydrophobicity and Textural Properties on Hexamethyldisiloxane Adsorption in Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogels

To expand the applications of graphene-based materials to biogas purification, a series of reduced graphene oxide aerogels (rGOAs) were prepared from industrial grade graphene oxide using a simple hydrothermal method. The influences of the hydrothermal preparation temperature on the textural properties, hydrophobicity and physisorption behavior of the rGOAs were investigated using a range of physical and spectroscopic techniques. The results showed that the rGOAs had a macro-porous three-dimensional network structure. Raising the hydrothermal treatment temperature reduced the number of oxygen-containing groups, whereas the specific surface area (S_BET), micropore volume (V_micro) and water contact angle values of the rGOAs all increased. The dynamic adsorption properties of the rGOAs towards hexamethyldisiloxane (L2) increased with increasing hydrothermal treatment temperature and the breakthrough adsorption capacity showed a significant linear association with S_BET, V_micro and contact angle. There was a significant negative association between the breakthrough time and inlet concentration of L2, and the relationship could be reliably predicted with a simple empirical formula. L2 adsorption also increased with decreasing bed temperature. Saturated rGOAs were readily regenerated by a brief heat-treatment at 100 °C. This study has demonstrated the potential of novel rGOA for applications using adsorbents to remove siloxanes from biogas.     

Preparation and characterization of natural zeolite supported nano TiO2 photocatalysts by a modified electrostatic self‐assembly method

Natural zeolite supported nano TiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared by a modified electrostatic self‐assembly (ESA) method. First, γ‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane with sulfhydryl (―SH) functional groups was modified on the zeolite powders by using a ‘dry process’. Second, silane with ―SH functional groups was oxidized to sulfonate (―SO₃H) groups by using a hydrogen peroxide/glacial acetic acid mixed solution, and the surface of ―SO₃H silane–zeolite was electronegative charged due to the ionization of ―SO₃H. Third, the hydrolytic titanium polycation from TiCl₄ solution assembled onto the electronegative charged zeolite under electrostatic attraction in the reaction solutions. Finally, zeolite supported nano TiO₂ photocatalysts can be obtained after the above compounds calcined at certain temperature. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution. The results showed that ESA method effectively improved the composite efficiency of zeolite with TiO₂. The photocatalysts prepared by ESA method exhibited higher photocatalytic and recycling activities than that of traditional method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加速溶剂萃取-磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中10种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

养殖过程中的不合理使用和滥用使得水产品中氟喹诺酮抗生素残留累积量呈递增趋势,对人类的健康造成潜在的风险。建立高效、灵敏和可靠的水产品中氟喹诺酮类药物的同时分析方法十分重要。该研究建立了加速溶剂萃取-磁固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ASE-MSPE-HPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中沙拉沙星、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、丹氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、环丙沙星、依诺沙星、诺氟沙星和双氟沙星残留的检测方法。采用室温自组装法,即在室温(25 ℃)下,将氧化石墨烯和零价纳米铁储备液快速涡旋混合,磁性分离收集沉淀物,得到GO@nZVI磁性复合材料。以扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X-射线衍射对磁性复合材料进行表征,结果显示GO@nZVI成功制备。该材料应用于MSPE净化中,ASE萃取温度为70 ℃,萃取溶剂为甲醇,萃取压力为10.34 MPa,静态萃取时间为5 min,循环萃取3次。萃取液浓缩后经MSPE有效净化后,采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm)梯度洗脱分离,MS/MS电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)扫描、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。氟喹诺酮的线性范围为1~100 μg/kg,线性相关系数(r²)均大于0.9995;目标物的检出限(S/N=3)为0.02~0.29 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0.07~0.98 μg/kg。所建方法成功用于黄鱼、草鱼、黑鱼、明虾和沼虾中氟喹诺酮的测定,在1倍、2倍、10倍定量限加标水平下得到的加标回收率为81.6%~105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.2%~13.6%。研究表明,将ASE与MSPE有机结合,利用外部磁场实现萃取液的净化,无需离心和过滤操作,溶剂用量少,并且该方法所使用磁性萃取材料制备方法简单,具有自动化程度高、简便快速、方法灵敏度高、准确度高、重复性好等特点,可满足对水产品中FQs残留限量检测要求,具有实际应用前景。     

短时交通流混沌预测模型的比较研究

短时交通流预测是实现交通流诱导的关键技术之一.针对目前短时交通混沌预测模型预测结果差异较大的问题,归纳了4种基于混沌理论的短时交通流预测模型:RBF神经网络模型、最大Lyapunov指数模型、局域线性模型和Volterra滤波器自适应预测模型,并对这4种预测模型进行了比较研究.应用4种预测模型对几个典型的非线性系统进行预测,验证了算法的准确性.然后用这4种预测模型对微观实测交通流的时间序列进行实证分析.仿真结果表明,4种预测模型对典型混沌时间序列具有很好的预测效果;而对实测交通流预测,其预测精度和稳定性较差,但可以满足实时交通流预测的需要.     

条件交半格中的相对极大滤子

引入偏序集的相对极大滤子的概念,证明在任意条件交半格中一个滤子是相对极大滤子当且仅当它是滤子格的完全交不可约元.一个格是分配的当且仅当每一个相对极大滤子都是素滤子.随后研究了Heyting代数中相对极大滤子的刻画,最后定义和研究了完全并既约生成格.     

机构投资者的最优持仓策略研究

讨论了机构投资者的最优持仓策略问题,假设证券价格服从几何布朗运动,以均值方差效用为目标函数,得到了最优持仓策略所满足的二阶微分方程,并由差分法得到其数值解.最后,由参数的敏感性分析知:最优持仓策略与瞬时冲击、市场波动率及风险厌恶系数等参数有关,并分析了参数变化对最优持仓策略的影响.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel blue emitting Na2CaSiO4:Ce3+ phosphor

The blue phosphors Na_(2?x)Ca_(1?x)SiO₄:xCe³⁺ were synthesized by the sol–gel method and their luminescence characteristics were investigated for the first time. Structural information about prepared samples is obtained by analyzing the XRD patterns and SEM micrographs. The photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra indicate that the Na_(2?x)Ca_(1?x)SiO₄:xCe³⁺ phosphors can be effectively excited by ultraviolet (360 nm) light. The PL emission spectra exhibit tunable blue broadband emission with the dominant wavelength of 427–447 nm under excitation of 360 nm by controlling the doping concentration of Ce³⁺. The concentration quenching effect for Ce³⁺ was found at the optimum doping concentration of 4 mol%. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage 1931 chromaticity coordinates of Na_1.96Ca_0.96SiO₄:0.04Ce³⁺ are (0.1447, 0.0787), which are better color purity compared to the commercial Eu²⁺-doped BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇ phosphor. Na_1.96Ca_0.96SiO₄:0.04Ce³⁺ composition shows intense blue emission (peak wavelength, 439 nm) with relative intensity versus commercial BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ blue phosphor (Nichia) 65 and 158 % under 254 and 365 nm excitation, respectively. All the results indicate that Na_(2?x)Ca_(1?x)SiO₄:xCe³⁺ phosphors are potential candidate as a blue emitting phosphor for UV-converting white light-emitting diodes.     

原子核强度电势和原子价层电量对元素电负性的标度

根据万有引力势与电势的关系式和系统的对比质电比(单位电量的质量)的物理意义, 定义了系统的强度电势——单位质量的电势. 研究表明, 元素电负性XSc与原子核在原子边界面上的强度电势Vic和价层电子电量qcj成线性关系. 采用回归分析法, 对周期表中除零族、氢及放射性元素之外的77种元素的Pauling电负性(XP)进行回归分析, 得到了一个无量纲的综合性的电负性计算公式, 相关系数(R=0.9844)和回归方程F检验的显著性水平(Sig.=0.0000)表明, XSc与Vic和qcj密切相关, 77种元素的拟合值与XP十分接近, 平均绝对误差仅为0.084; 并预测出较为合理的稀有气体元素的电负性. 用该式可以方便而更准确地计算除氢以外的所有元素的电负性; 同时也给出一条获取离子电负性和基团电负性的新途径.     

极大单调算子和非扩展映射的迭代收敛定理及其应用

In this paper, two iterative schemes for approximating common element of the set of zero points of maximal monotone operators and the set of fixed points of a kind of generalized nonexpansive mappings in a real uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space are proposed. Two strong convergence theorems are obtained and their applications on finding the minimizer of a kind of convex functional are discussed, which extend some previous work.     

完全图分拆为带两条弦的6-长圈

In this paper, we discuss the G-decomposition of λKv into 6-circuits with two chords. We construct some holey G-designs using sharply 2-transitive group, and present the recursive structure by PBD. We also give a unified method to construct G-designs when the index equals the edge number of the discussed graph. Finally, the existence of G-GDλ（v） is given.